A股術語你要知:白馬、黑馬與斑馬
摘要
香港投資者對於港股術語當然耳熟能詳,紅籌股、H股等用詞都不會陌生,但當投資於A股市場時,相信不少港股投資者會被A股的術語「考起」。
白馬股
一般指市值龐大、廣為市場熟悉、業績長期優異、回報率較高,並較具投資價值的股票。這類股份的訊息透明度高,而且業務前景明朗,很少暗藏地雷,有較佳的派息能力,所以能為投资者帶來相對穩定的潛在回報,被視為大路之選。若以賽馬作比喻,這類股份是人所共知的大熱。
白馬股的短線升幅雖然未必有很多的爆發力,但是由於有基本因素支持,增長潛力優厚和具備上升空間,因此比較適合中長線投資。市場用來衡量白馬股的指標,還包括了每股盈利、每股資產資值,以及主營業務收入增長率等。
黑馬股
既然有大熱的白馬 ,自然也有冷門的黑馬,即原本是指在比賽中不被看好的選手,最終卻能脫穎而出。黑馬股正是套用了這個比喻,意思是過往並不起眼或不被投資者看好、但是股價卻在短時間內急升的股票。
這類股票的訊息披露相對上沒有那麼透明,業績上的不確定性也比較高,部份或許只是因為短線概念如公司管理層異動、技術指標有突破等而急升,出現曇花一現的升勢,這類股份相對適合一些能承受更高風險、並希望博取短線利潤的投資者。
斑馬股
市值相對較少,基本因素不錯,而且具備一定知名度,在所屬行業或者競爭領域擁有優勢,但卻沒有白馬那麼「白」,例如是短期業績可能存在一些問題,或其估值較高,令機構投資者在配置上相對較低的股票,都被稱為斑馬股。
斑馬股大致可包括三類股份,第一類公司原為白馬股,但在過去一段時間受到管理層變動、短期業績差於預期等因素影響;第二類原為黑馬股,但是公司經營情况持續改善,而且在行業中的競爭力有所提升,令盈利迅速增長,並且漸受投資者關注,有望進軍白馬股行列;而第三類斑馬股是細分行業的龍頭,但是相關領域的關注度較低,令該公司的增長前景遭到市場忽視。
A股國際化 兩大關鍵詞
摘要
A股市場加快開放步伐,滬港通及深港通先後在2014及2016年開通,吸引外資大舉進入A股市場。在去年全球兩大指數公司更宣布將A股納入旗下主流指數之中,難怪在內地去年的十大A股關鍵詞當中,便包括了「MSCI擴容」和「A股入富」兩詞。
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